User interface expander and collapser

ABSTRACT

A method of indicating expanded states and collapsed states of lower level expander/collapser items in a higher level visual control of a user interface display. The method includes providing, in the higher level visual control, a lower level expander/collapser indicator area; displaying a first display in the expander/collapser indicator area when all the lower level expander/collapser items are in a first state; displaying a second different display in the expander/collapser indicator area when all of the lower level expander/collapser items are in a second different state; and displaying a third different display in the expander/collapser indicator area when a first one of the lower level expander/collapser items is in the first state and a second one of the lower level expander/collapser items is not in the first state.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a user interface display and, moreparticularly, to a method and system for expanding and collapsingexpandable and collapsible items in a display and indicating states ofexpandable and collapsible items.

2. Brief Description of Prior Developments

As user interface (UI) displays continually get loaded with everincreasing amounts of information, there is a correspondingly increasingneed for users to have good ways to quickly and easily control theamount of information getting presented per situation or context.Various different types of controls for expanding and collapsingexpandable and collapsible items in displays are known. Twistie controlsare a type of easy-to-use expander-collapser control popular in manyInternational Business Machine Corporation (IBM) products. Other similarformats for expanding and collapsing subordinate levels of informationare the “+” and “−” tree view controls in Microsoft WINDOWS, and theturner control in JAVA which expands and collapses the correspondingcontainers. This disclosure will henceforth use the term“expander/collapser items” generically to cover all forms of expandersand collapsers.

A problem today is that many times multiple expander/collapser items areembedded within information, such as notes or helps, and there is not asurface-level graphic control to expand all or collapse all of theexpander/collapser items at a same time. Under a View pull-down menuthere might be choices to “Expand all sections” and “Collapse allsections”, but these are menu choices and not presented on the surface;whereas expander/collapser items controls directly embedded within theUI always display the current status of the expander/collapser items,which is always the opposite of the action (if a section is twistedopen, the twistie will display as being expanded, not directlyindicating the action that clicking it will collapse it). So, the firstproblem with providing a visual surface-level and higher-level controlof lower level expander/collapser items is that it does not map 100%with the lower-level expander/collapser item controls. A visualsurface-level and higher-level control has not been provided which canreflect the current status or states of lower-level expander/collapseritems.

A second problem today with surfaced higher-level expander/collapsercontrols is in regard to a mixed state when some of their subordinate orlower level expander/collapser items are expanded and some arecollapsed. Current surfaced higher-level expander/collapser controls donot indicate mixed state conditions. Not only is a mixed state notreflected, but also two possible actions (i.e., expand and collapse) ina mixed state are not both available. In a non-mixed state conditionjust one action is shown in today's surfaced higher-levelexpander/collapser controls (i.e., expand or collapse). Tree views andturner controls in macro tree controls allow higher-level expanding andcontracting, but do not indicate mixed conditions when some sub nodesare expanded and some are collapsed.

A third problem is that the low-level expander/collapser items of todayneed to act independently of one another. A UI designer today could noteasily allow only one expander/collapser items to be expanded at time;which might save the user from resizing the pane or scrolling. This isbecause some users are going to want to expand more than oneexpander/collapser item at a time. Most might want to expand only oneexpander/collapser item at a time in most situations. So, forlowest-common-denominator coverage, current UI displays handle the worstcase of highly flexible (independent expander/collapser items), but donot have a self-maintaining way to collapse un-needed items (i.e.,expanding a second expander/collapser item would automatically collapsea previously expanded first expander/collapser item).

Typically, expander/collapser item controls today are provided at theitem level; not higher a level. So, rarely if ever do expander/collapseritem controls appear to expand or collapse all the branches of a tree;just one branch at a time. This is a hard problem to solve because ofthe interplay of action versus status indications are inherentlyopposite; as well how to handle the in-between state when someexpander/collapser items are already open while others are closed.Another problem is how to keep this control at the surface and as asingle control, and not let it get to be spread out over too manybuttons and status indicators which would make it more cumbersome andharder to deal with. There is a desire to provide a surface-level visualcontrol to expand all or collapse all lower level expander/collapseritems at a same time. This is a desire to provide a visual surface-leveland higher-level control that can reflect the current status or statesof lower-level expander/collapser items. There is a desire to provide asurfaced higher-level expander/collapser control which can indicatemixed state conditions of lower level expander/collapser items. This isalso a desire to provide two possible actions (i.e., expand andcollapse) in a mixed state indication area which allows both actions(i.e., expand and collapse) to be selectively available. There is also adesire to provide a UI display that can be highly flexible (independentexpander/collapser items) or could have a self-maintaining way tocollapse un-needed items (i.e., expanding a second expander/collapseritem would automatically collapse a previously expanded firstexpander/collapser item), and also allow for all expansion or allcollapse actions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with one method of the present invention, a method isprovided for indicating expanded states and collapsed states of lowerlevel expander/collapser items in a higher level visual control of auser interface display. The method includes providing, in the higherlevel visual control, a lower level expander/collapser indicator area;displaying a first display in the expander/collapser indicator area whenall the lower level expander/collapser items are in a first state;displaying a second different display in the expander/collapserindicator area when all of the lower level expander/collapser items arein a second different state; and displaying a third different display inthe expander/collapser indicator area when a first one of the lowerlevel expander/collapser items is in the first state and a second one ofthe lower level expander/collapser items is not in the first state.

In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a user interfacecontrol system is provided comprising a system for displaying a mixedstate expander/collapser icon area in a lower level expander/collapserindicator area of a higher level visual control when lower levelexpander/collapser items include at least one of the items being in anexpanded state and at least another one of the items being in acollapsed state, wherein the icon area comprises a first mixed stateaction icon adapted to expand all the lower level expander/collapseritems to the expanded state and a second mixed state action icon adaptedto collapse all the lower level expander/collapser items to thecollapsed state; and a system for changing display in the indicatorarea. The system for changing is adapted to change a display of themixed state expander/collapser icon area in the indicator area into anexpander icon after the second mixed state action icon is selected. Thesystem for changing is adapted to change the mixed stateexpander/collapser icon area into a collapser icon after the first mixedstate action icon is selected.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a programstorage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodied in a program ofinstructions executable by the machine to perform method steps isprovided for indicating expanded states and collapsed states, in ahigher level visual control, of lower level expander/collapser items ina user interface display. The method comprises providing a lower levelexpander/collapser indicator area in the higher level visual control;displaying a first display in the expander/collapser indicator area whenall the lower level expander/collapser items are in a collapsed state;displaying a second different display in the expander/collapserindicator area when all of the lower level expander/collapser items arein an expanded state; and displaying a third different display in theexpander/collapser indicator area when at least one of the lower levelexpander/collapser items is in the collapsed state and at least anotherone of the lower level expander/collapser items is in the expandedstate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing aspects and other features of the present invention areexplained in the following description, taken in connection with theaccompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a front view of a computer incorporating features of thepresent invention;

FIG. 2 is a view of a display on the screen of the display shown in FIG.1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the upper portion of the right-side frameshown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a view of the right-side frame shown in FIG. 2 with one lowerlevel expander/collapser item in an expanded state and the other lowerlevel expander/collapser items in a collapsed state;

FIG. 5 is a view of the frame shown in FIG. 4 with all the lower levelexpander/collapser item in an expanded state;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the indicator area in the tool bar shownin FIGS. 2 and 3;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the indicator area in the tool bar shownin FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the indicator area in the tool bar shownin FIG. 4;

FIG. 9 is a view of the frame shown in FIG. 4 with one lower levelexpander/collapser item in an expanded state and the other lower levelexpander/collapser items in a collapsed state and showing an alternatedrop down or pop-up window.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a front view of an electronicapparatus 10 incorporating features of the present invention. Althoughthe present invention will be described with reference to the exemplaryembodiments shown in the drawings, it should be understood that thepresent invention can be embodied in many alternate forms ofembodiments. In addition, any suitable size, shape or type of elementsor materials could be used.

The electronic apparatus 10 in the embodiment shown comprises a computersystem, such as a desktop personal computer (PC). However, in alternateembodiments, features of the present invention could be used in anysuitable type of electronic device having a user interface (UI) display,such as a PDA for example. The electronic apparatus 10 comprises adisplay 12, a keyboard 14, and a main unit 16. The display 12 andkeyboard 14 are generally known in the art. The main unit 16 comprises ahousing 18 and electronic circuitry and components housed within thehousing 18. The electronic circuitry and components include a memory 20,a processor 22, and a video driver 24 for displaying images on thescreen of the display 12. As is conventionally known, the electronicapparatus could comprise other computer related devices or system. Inone type of embodiment, the display could comprise a touch screen.

Referring also to FIG. 2, a window 26 is shown of an example ofinformation displayed on the screen of the display 12. The window 26includes a title bar 28, a task/tool bar 30, and frames 32, 34. Thewindow could contain more or less than two frames. In alternateembodiments, the window 26 could also include a menu bar and/or astatus, etc. In this embodiment the first frame 32 is the main contentarea. The second frame 34 is a supporting help area. In this embodimentthe second frame is called the “Help Assistant.” However, features ofthe present invention could be used in a main content area, navigationarea, or used in any suitable type of other frames, panes, areas, orportions of a window.

Referring also to FIG. 3, an enlarged view of the upper portion 35 ofthe Help Assistant frame 34 is shown. The frame comprises a title bar36, a tool bar 38, and a search bar 40. The tool bar 38 comprises fivetool bar icon buttons. The tool bar icon buttons comprise an expandbutton 42, a return button 43, a back button 44, a forward button 46 anda print button 48. The return button 43, back button 44, forward button46 and print button 48, and the search bar 40 are generally well knownin the art. The expand button 42 is located in a lower levelexpander/collapser indicator area 50 of the tool bar 38. In thisembodiment the indicator area 50 has a substantially fixed size andshape. However, in alternate embodiments the size or shape could change.The indicator area 50 provides, in the higher level visual control inthe tool bar 38, a control for expanding and collapsing all of the lowerlevel expanded/collapsed items 54 as further understood below withregard to a comparison of FIGS. 3, 4 and 5. In an alternate embodiment,the indicator area 50 could appear elsewhere, such as in the window'stask/tool bar 30, or could appear in multiple sub-headers (e.g., next to“Actions” and “Fields”).

The display in the indicator area 50 is adapted to change based upon thestatus or state of lower level expander/collapser items 54 in the lowerportion 52 of the frame 34. Thus, the tool bar 38 can also function as astatus bar regarding indication of the expanded and collapsed states ofthe lower level expander/collapser items 54 in the lower portion 52 ofthe frame 34. The lower level expander/collapser items 54 are all shownin FIG. 2 in a collapsed state. The lower level expander/collapser items54 each have their own state indicator 56 or 58 (see FIG. 4). In thisembodiment, the state indicators 56, 58 comprise general arrow shapes.However, in alternate embodiments any suitable type of state indicatorscould be provided, such as “+” and “−” symbols or line (−) and box (□)symbols for example.

In the embodiment shown, the first state indicators 56 comprise a firstgeneral arrow shape pointing to the right. Referring also to FIG. 4, theframe 34 is shown with one of the expander/collapser items 54′ expandedfrom its collapsed state (a first state) to an expanded state (a secondstate), but the other expander/collapser items 54 remaining in thecollapsed state. In order to arrive at this condition, the user hasselected the expander/collapser item of the item 54 (in this case“Size”) from the display in FIG. 2. The second state indicators 58comprise a general arrow shape pointing downward as seen in FIG. 4. Thefirst state indicator 56 indicates a collapsed state of its respectiveexpander/collapser item 54. The second state indicator 58 indicates anexpanded state of its respective expander/collapser item 54. In thisembodiment, the expander/collapser item 54 comprises merely a titlesection 60, such as “Size” for example, when in a collapsed state. Asseen in FIGS. 4 and 5, when in an expanded state, the expander/collapseritems 54 each comprise both the title section 60 and an additionalinformation section 62. In alternate embodiments, the title section 60could comprise additional information. In addition, the additionalinformation section 62 could comprise additional lower levelexpander/collapser items establishing additional lower levels orhyperlinks, for example. Note that now the higher levelexpander/collapser in area 50 in the upper left indicates that not allof its lower level expander/collapser items are either bipolarly totallyexpanded or totally collapsed. Also, note that two actions instead ofone are possible at this point. The user is able to either expand alllower level expander/collapser items or collapse them all. To do this,the control in this mixed state is provided by two action buttonsinstead of one; one to collapse all subordinate lower levelexpander/collapser items (right pointing arrow) and one to expand all(down pointed arrow). Current highest-level status is also displayed,which is shown as being between the two states of all low-level itemsare collapsed and all low-level items are expanded (arrow pointing tothe lower right).

The state indicators 56, 58 and/or the title sections 60 perform thefunction, when selected by a user (such as with the click of a mouse orscroll curser, or with a touch screen), of switching or toggling thestates of their respective expander/collapser items 54 between the firstand second states (i.e., between a collapsed state and an expandedstate). In one type of embodiment, the expander/collapser items 54 areeach separately and independently expandable and collapsible. However,in an alternate embodiment the electronic apparatus 10 could be adaptedto automatically collapse a first expander/collapser item 54 when asecond expander/collapser item 54 is expanded. This could provide thefeature of the frame 34 not having to be resized or scrolled by the userto see most pertinent information; or having to manually andindividually collapse previously expanded expander/collapser item(s) 54.FIG. 5 shows the window 34 when all of the expander/collapser items 54have been expanded to an expanded state.

As seen in comparing FIGS. 2, 4 and 5, the tool bar 38 at the upperportion of the frame 34 changes based upon the states or status of thelower level expander/collapser items 54. Referring also to FIGS. 6, 7and 8, when all of the lower level expander/collapser items 54 are in acollapsed state as seen in FIG. 2, the indicator area 50 displays afirst display as seen in FIG. 6. In this embodiment the first displaycomprises the expand button 42 with a general arrow shape pointing tothe right. When all of the lower level expander/collapser items 54 arein an expanded state as seen in FIG. 5, the indicator area 50 displays asecond display as seen in FIG. 7. In this embodiment the second displaycomprises a collapse button 64 with a general arrow shape pointingdownward. When at least one of the lower level expander/collapser items54 is in a collapsed state and at least another one of the lower levelexpander/collapser items 54 is in an expanded state as seen in FIG. 4,the indicator area 50 displays a third display as seen in FIG. 8. Thiscondition is referred to herein as a mixed state of the lower levelexpander/collapser items 54. In this embodiment the third displaycomprises a general status arrow shape 66 pointing diagonally down andto the right. The third display also comprises two different mixed stateaction buttons or indicators 68, 70. In alternate embodiments, the threedisplays could comprise any suitable types of displays, such asincluding plus “+” and minus “−” symbols or line (−) and box (□) symbolsfor example. The first mixed state action indicator 68 comprises with ageneral arrow shape pointing to the right. The second mixed state actionindicator 70 comprises with a general arrow shape pointing downward. Thefirst mixed state action indicator 68 is located on the right side ofthe arrow 66 and the second mixed state action indicator 70 is locatedon the bottom side of the arrow 66. With all displays as shown in FIGS.6-8, the size and shape of the overall indicator/button area 50 stayssubstantially the same. Thus, the toolbar 38 does not need to beresized, or the frame 34 otherwise changed.

When all of the lower level expander/collapser items 54 are in acollapsed state as seen in FIG. 2, if the user selects the expand button42 all of the lower level expander/collapser items 54 are switched totheir expanded states as seen in FIG. 5 and the indictor area 50 isswitched to display the collapse button 64. When all of the lower levelexpander/collapser items 54 are in an expanded state as seen in FIG. 5,if the user selects the collapse button 64 all of the lower levelexpander/collapser items 54 are switched to their collapsed states asseen in FIG. 2 and the indictor area 50 is switched to display theexpand button 42. When one of the lower level expander/collapser items54 is in an expanded state and at least one other lower levelexpander/collapser item 54 is in a collapsed state as seen in FIG. 4 (byselecting one of the lower level expander/collapser items 54) then theindictor area 50 is switched to display the third display shown in FIG.8.

All of the lower level expander/collapser items 54 could be individuallyexpanded or collapsed to convert the indicator area 50 into either thefirst display or the second display. Alternatively, the user could usethe mixed state action buttons 68 or 70 in the third display shown inFIG. 8 to expand all the lower level expander/collapser items 54 orcollapse all the lower level expander/collapser items 54, respectively.The mixed state action buttons 68, 70 only appear during a mixed statecondition. Selecting the collapse-all action button 68 collapses all ofthe lower level expander/collapser items 54 to a collapsed state. Theindicator area 50 also automatically changes to the first display shownin FIGS. 2 and 6. Selecting the expand-all action button 70 expands allof the lower level expander/collapser items 54 to an expanded state. Theindicator area 50 also automatically changes to the second display shownin FIGS. 5 and 7.

In one type of embodiment, such as when there are multiple levels oflower levels of expandable and collapsible items, displaying the thirddifferent display occurs when only a first lower level immediatelybeyond the higher level visual control contains both items in the firststate and items not in the first state, and does not occur when a seconddeeper lower level beyond the first lower level contains both items inthe first state and items not in the first state. In another alternateembodiment, displaying the third different display occurs when a firstlower level immediately beyond the higher level visual control containsboth items in the first state and items not in the first state, and whena second deeper lower level beyond the first lower level contains bothitems in the first state and items not in the first state.

One of the features of the present invention is the ability of theindicator area to indicate more than two states or statuses of theexpanded and collapsed states of the lower level expander/collapseritems 54. In the embodiment described above, the indicator area 50 candisplay three states; all collapsed, all expanded, or a mixed state (atleast one expanded and at least one collapsed). In an alternateembodiment, the indicator area can be adapted to display more than threestatuses, such as more than one different type of mixed state condition.The indicator area 50 forms a surface-level, higher-level hierarchicalexpander and collapser for the lower level expander/collapser items 54.In addition to the ability to display more than two states or statusesof the expanded and collapsed states of the lower levelexpander/collapser items 54, the present invention can provide a mixedstate display with more than one selectable action and correspondingaction indicators. The first and second displays, in this embodiment,each only have one action button presented at a time; either an expandbutton or a collapse button, respectively. The third display, on theother hand, has two action buttons 68, 70 to simultaneously allow a userto select one of two possible actions; expand all or collapse all. Inalternate embodiments, more than two action buttons could be provided inthe third display. The area for these two related buttons could beseparated and directly over the corresponding action indicators(ignoring the status indicator), or conjoined more as depicted by thetwo triangular hot spot areas 80, 82 outlined in FIG. 8. Selectableareas form different regions in the same overall indicator area 50.Another alternative might be to highlight each action choice (68 and 70)on a mouse-over event to make the action more self-evident.

The electronics in the electronic apparatus 10 and the programming forma user interface control system comprising a system for displaying amixed state expander/collapser icon area in a lower levelexpander/collapser indicator area of a higher level visual control whenlower level expander/collapser items include at least one of the itemsbeing in an expanded state and at least another one of the items beingin a collapsed state, wherein the icon area comprises an expand-allaction button adapted to expand all the lower level expander/collapseritems to the expanded state and a collapse-all action button adapted tocollapse all the lower level expander/collapser items to the collapsedstate. The electronics in the electronic apparatus 10 and theprogramming form a user interface control system comprising a system forchanging display in the indicator area. The system for changing isadapted to change a display of the mixed state expander/collapser iconarea in the indicator area into an expander icon/button after thecollapse-all action button is selected. The system for changing isadapted to change the mixed state expander/collapser icon area into acollapser icon/button after the expand-all action button is selected.

Referring now to FIG. 9, an alternate embodiment of the presentinvention is shown. In this embodiment the third display does notcomprise more than one mixed state action button. Instead, the thirddisplay in the indicator area 50 comprises a single drop down menubutton 72 having the same symbols as shown in FIG. 8. When a userselects the button 72 or positions the cursor on top of the button 72, amenu 74 drops down. The menu 74 comprises two selectable action choices76 and 78. When the first action choice 76 is selected by a user, all ofthe lower level expander/collapser items 54 are collapsed. When thesecond action choice 78 is selected by a user, all of the lower levelexpander/collapser items 54 are expanded. This embodiment overcomes anyproblem which might occur with the icons 68, 70 being too small, such asin a relatively small size display screen in a portable electronicdevice, such as a PDA for example.

The present invention can provide a surface-level and higher-levelhierarchical expander and collapser. The invention can provide a singlehigher-level mutli-state expander/collapser item control to expand andcollapse multiple sub-expander/collapser items at a time. This isadvantageous as a powerful way to manipulate UI areas within the minimalspace of one tool bar button. It has not been done before because of thecomplications between presenting actions versus status; the problem withhow to handle the in-between state when some of the minorexpander/collapser items are expanded and some are collapsed, and theproblem of presenting two actions instead of one action when in themixed state.

The benefits of this invention include:

-   -   Single-button space is very small (with the present invention        space efficient is provided on the display);    -   More powerful than today's alternative (with the present        invention full expansions or collapsing is only a single click        away);    -   Intuitive (status oriented presentation; not action oriented        which would be counter to sub-level expander/collapser items);    -   Surfaces the function, which makes it more convenient (user        doesn't have to go try to find it in a pull-down menu);    -   Could allow a more efficient sub-level expander/collapser item        mode of operation in which only a single expander/collapser item        could be directly expanded at a time (when expanding a second        expander/collapser item, the currently expanded one would        collapse), with the override capability of expanding all of the        expander/collapser items coming from the higher-level        expander/collapser item control.

It should be understood that the foregoing description is onlyillustrative of the invention. Various alternatives and modificationscan be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from theinvention. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace allsuch alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within thescope of the appended claims.

1. A program storage device readable by a machine, tangibly embodied ina program of instructions executable by the machine to performoperations to indicate expanded states and collapsed states, in a higherlevel visual control tool bar, of lower level expander/collapser itemsin an area of a user interface display separate from the higher levelvisual control tool bar, the operations comprising: providing a lowerlevel expander/collapser indicator area in the higher level visualcontrol tool bar; displaying a first display in the expander/collapserindicator area when all the lower level expander/collapser items are ina collapsed state; displaying a second different display in theexpander/collapser indicator area when all of the lower levelexpander/collapser items are in an expanded state; and displaying athird different display in the expander/collapser indicator area when atleast one of the lower level expander/collapser items is in thecollapsed state and at least another one of the lower levelexpander/collapser items is in the expanded state.
 2. The programstorage device as in claim 1 wherein, during display of the thirddisplay, the operation comprises displaying at least two different mixedstate action buttons in the lower level expander/collapser indicatorarea of the higher level visual control tool bar.
 3. The program storagedevice as in claim 1 further comprising maintaining the lower levelexpander/collapser indicator area as a substantially same size whendisplaying the first, second and third displays in the indicator area.4. A method of indicating expanded states and collapsed states of lowerlevel expander/collapser items of a user interface display in a higherlevel visual control tool bar separate from an area having the lowerlevel expander/collapser items, the method comprising: providing, in thehigher level visual control tool bar, a lower level expander/collapserindicator area; displaying a first display in the expander/collapserindicator area when all the lower level expander/collapser items are ina first state; displaying a second different display in theexpander/collapser indicator area when all of the lower levelexpander/collapser items are in a second different state; and displayinga third different display in the expander/collapser indicator area whena first one of the lower level expander/collapser items is in the firststate and a second one of the lower level expander/collapser items isnot in the first state.
 5. The method as in claim 4 wherein displayingthe third different display comprises displaying at least two differentmixed state action buttons in the lower level expander/collapserindicator area of the higher level visual control tool bar.
 6. Themethod as in claim 4 further comprising maintaining the lower levelexpander/collapser indicator area as a substantially same size whendisplaying the first, second and third displays in the indicator area.7. The method as in claim 6 wherein displaying the third differentdisplay comprises providing a plus (+) shaped button and a minus (−)shaped button in the indicator area.
 8. The method as in claim 4 whereindisplaying the third different display occurs when only a first lowerlevel immediately beyond the higher level visual control tool barcontains both items in the first state and items not in the first state,and does not occur when a second deeper lower level beyond the firstlower level contains both items in the first state and items not in thefirst state.
 9. The method as in claim 4 further comprising: selecting afirst action button in the higher level visual control toolbar of thethird display to expand all the expander/collapser items in the lowerlevel to the second state, wherein the second state comprises anexpanded state.
 10. The method as in claim 9 further comprising:selecting a second action button in the higher level visual controltoolbar of the third display to collapse all the expander/collapseritems in the lower level to the first state, wherein the first statecomprises a collapsed state.
 11. A method of indicating expanded statesand collapsed states of lower level expander/collapser items in a higherlevel visual control tool bar, displayed separately from the lower levelexpander/collapser items, of a user interface display the methodcomprising: providing, in the higher level visual control tool bar, alower level expander/collapser indicator area; displaying a firstdisplay in the expander/collapser indicator area when all the lowerlevel expander/collapser items are in a first state; displaying a seconddifferent display in the expander/collapser indicator area when all ofthe lower level expander/collapser items are in a second differentstate; displaying a third different display in the expander/collapserindicator area when a first one of the lower level expander/collapseritems is in the first state and a second one of the lower levelexpander/collapser items is not in the first state; and maintaining thelower level expander/collapser indicator area as a substantially samesize when displaying the first, second and third displays in theindicator area, wherein displaying the third different display comprisesproviding two arrow shaped buttons in the indicator area pointing indifferent directions.
 12. A method of indicating expanded states andcollapsed states of lower level expander/collapser items in a higherlevel visual control tool bar, displayed separately from the lower levelexpander/collapser items, of a user interface display, the methodcomprising: providing, in the higher level visual control toolbar, alower level expander/collapser indicator area; displaying a firstdisplay in the expander/collapser indicator area when all the lowerlevel expander/collapser items are in a first state; displaying a seconddifferent display in the expander/collapser indicator area when all ofthe lower level expander/collapser items are in a second differentstate; and displaying a third different display in theexpander/collapser indicator area when a first one of the lower levelexpander/collapser items is in the first state and a second one of thelower level expander/collapser items is not in the first state, whereindisplaying the third different display occurs when a first lower levelimmediately beyond the higher level visual control tool bar containsboth items in the first state and items not in the first state, and whena second deeper lower level beyond the first lower level contains bothitems in the first state and items not in the first state.
 13. A methodof expanding expander/collapser items in a lower level of a userinterface display comprising: indicating expanded states and collapsedstates of lower level expander/collapser items in a higher level visualcontrol tool bar, displayed separately from the lower levelexpander/collapser items, of a user interface display, comprising:providing, in the higher level visual control tool bar, a lower levelexpander/collapser indicator area; displaying a first display in theexpander/collapser indicator area when all the lower levelexpander/collapser items are in a first state; displaying a seconddifferent display in the expander/collapser indicator area when all ofthe lower level expander/collapser items are in a second differentstate; displaying a third different display in the expander/collapserindicator area when a first one of the lower level expander/collapseritems is in the first state and a second one of the lower levelexpander/collapser items is not in the first state; allowing only oneexpander/collapser item in the lower level to be expanded at any onetime when the expander/collapser item is directly expanded by selectionof a user; and expanding all the expander/collapser items in the lowerlevel when an action button in the indicator area of the higher levelvisual control tool bar is selected by the user.